Francês :
Un ouvrage historique sur l’occupation israélienne en Cisjordanie et dans la bande de Gaza décrit les techniques militaires utilisées pour contrôler la vie des Palestiniens.
La guerre des Six jours de 1967 entre Israël et les armées arabes a entraîné l’occupation de la Cisjordanie et de la bande de Gaza.
Israël a fait passer cette guerre pour une guerre fortuite. Mais de nouveaux documents historiques et minutes d’archives montrent qu’Israël l’avait, au contraire, bien préparée.
En 1963, des personnalités de l’armée, des autorités judiciaires et civiles israéliennes ont participé à l’Université hébraïque de Jérusalem à l’étude d’un plan global de gestion des territoires qu’Israël allait occuper quatre ans plus tard et du million et demi de Palestiniens qui y vivaient.
Ces recherches étaient motivées par l’échec d’Israël dans le traitement des Palestiniens de Gaza pendant sa courte occupation à l’occasion de la crise de Suez en 1956.
En mai 1967, quelques semaines avant la guerre, les gouverneurs militaires israéliens ont reçu des instructions légales et militaires sur la façon de contrôler les villes et villages palestiniens pour continuer à transformer la Cisjordanie et la bande de Gaza en de gigantesques prisons sous contrôle et surveillance militaires.
Les colonies, les points de contrôle et les punitions collectives faisaient partie de ce plan, comme le montre l’historien israélien Ilan Pappé dans La plus grande prison sur terre : Une histoire des territoires occupés, une étude circonstanciée de l’occupation israélienne.
Publié à l’occasion du 50ème anniversaire de la guerre de 1967, le livre a été présélectionné pour le Palestine Book Awards 2017, un prix qui sera décerné par Middle East Monitor à Londres le 24 novembre. Middle East Eye a interrogé Pappé sur son livre et sur ce qu’il nous apprend.
Em Inglês :
The Six Day War of 1967 between Israel and the Arab armies resulted in the occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
Israel sold the story of this war as an accidental one. But new historical documents and minutes from the archives show that Israel was well prepared for it.
In 1963, figures from the Israeli military, legal and civil administrations enrolled in a course at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, to set up a comprehensive plan to deal with the territories that Israel would occupy four years later, and manage a million and half Palestinians living in them.
The motivation was the failure in how Israel dealt with the Palestinians in Gaza in its short-lived occupation during the Suez Crisis in 1956.
In May 1967, weeks before the war, Israeli military governors received boxes that contained legal and military instructions on how to control the Palestinian towns and villages. Israel would go on to transform the West Bank and Gaza Strip into mega prisons under military rule and surveillance.
Settlements, checkpoints and collective punishment were part of this plan, as the Israeli historian Ilan Pappé shows in The Biggest Prison on Earth: A History of the Occupied Territories, an in-depth account of the Israeli occupation.
Published on the 50th anniversary of the 1967 war, the book has been shortlisted for the Palestine Book Awards 2017, organised by Middle East Monitor, due to be announced in London on 24 November. Pappé spoke to Middle East Eye about the book and what it reveals.
Middle East Eye: How does this book build on your previous book, The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine about the 1948 war?
Ilan Pappé: It is definitely a continuation of my earlier book The Ethnic Cleansing that describes the events of 1948. I see the whole project of Zionism as a structure not just as one event. A structure of settler colonialism by which a movement of settlers colonises a homeland. As long as the colonisation is not complete and the indigenous population resists through a national liberation movement, each such period that I'm looking at is just a phase within the same structure.
Although The Biggest Prison is a history book, we are still within the same historical chapter. It's not over yet. So in this respect, there should be probably a third book later on looking at the events of the 21st century and how the same ideology of ethnic cleansing and dispossession is being implemented in the new era and how it is resisted by the Palestinians.
MEE: You speak about ethnic cleansing taking place in June 1967. What happened to the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip then? How was this different from the ethnic cleansing of the 1948 war?
IP: In 1948 there was a very clear plan to try and expel as many Palestinians as possible from as much of Palestine as possible. The settler colonialist project believed it had the power to create a Jewish space in Palestine that would be totally without Palestinians. It didn't really work that well but it was quite successful as you all know. Eighty percent of the Palestinians who lived within what became the state of Israel became refugees.
As I show in the book, there were some Israeli policymakers who thought maybe we can do in 1967 what we did in 1948. But the vast majority of them understood that the 1967 war was a very short war, it was for six days, and there was already television, and quite a few of the people that they wanted to expel were already refugees from 1948.
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